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Does The Camera In My Samsung J3 Have Image Stabilization

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Video or brandish resolutions with a width of effectually four,000 pixels

4K resolution refers to a horizontal display resolution of approximately four,000 pixels.[1] Digital telly and digital cinematography usually utilize several different 4K resolutions. In television and consumer media, 3840 ×2160 (4K UHD) is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096 ×2160 (DCI 4K).

The 4K telly market place share increased equally prices barbarous dramatically during 2014[two] and 2015.

Comparison of mutual circulate resolutions

4K standards and terminology [edit]

The term "4K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 4,000.[3] :2 Several unlike 4K resolutions have been standardized by diverse organizations.

The terms "4K" and "Ultra Hd" are used more than widely in marketing than "2160p". While typically referring to motility pictures, some digital camera vendors accept used the term "4K photo" for still photographs, making it appear like an especially loftier resolution even though 3840×2160 pixels equal approximately 8.three megapixels, which is not particularly high for still photographs.[four]

DCI Digital Cinema Organization Specification [edit]

Comparing of DCI and UHD resolutions

In 2005, Digital Movie theater Initiatives (DCI), a prominent standards organization in the cinema industry, published the Digital Cinema System Specification. This specification establishes standardized 2K and 4K container formats for digital picture palace production, with resolutions of 2048 × 1080 and 4096 × 2160 respectively.[v] : §4.3.ane The resolution of the video content inside follows the SMPTE 428-ane standard,[five] : §iii.two.ane which establishes the following resolutions for a 4K distribution:[6] : 6

  • 4096 ×2160 (full frame, 256∶135 or ≈1.ninety∶one aspect ratio)
  • 3996 ×2160 (flat crop, i.85∶ane aspect ratio)
  • 4096 ×1716 (CinemaScope ingather, ≈2.39∶1 aspect ratio)

2K distributions can have a frame rate of either 24 or 48FPS, while 4K distributions must have a frame rate of 24FPS.[5] : §3.1.4.two Some articles claim that the terms "2K" and "4K" were coined by DCI and refer exclusively to the 2K and 4K formats defined in the DCI standard.[7] Yet, usage of these terms in the picture palace manufacture predates the publication of the DCI standard,[8] [9] [x] [11] and they are by and large understood every bit casual terms for whatever resolution approximately 2000 or 4000 pixels in width, rather than names for specific resolutions.[three] :two [12] : 109

SMPTE UHDTV standard [edit]

In 2007, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers published SMPTE ST 2036-1, which defines parameters for 2 UHDTV systems called UHDTV1 and UHDTV2.[13] [14] The standard defines the following characteristics for these systems:

  • A resolution of 3840 × 2160 (UHDTV1) or 7680 × 4320 (UHDTV2)[14] : §5.2
  • Square (1∶1) pixels, for an overall image attribute ratio of 16∶nine[xiv] : §5.1
  • A framerate of 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, xxx, 50, 59.94, 60, 100, 119.88, or 120Hz with progressive scan[xiv] : §ane.two
  • RGB, Y′CBCR iv:four:four, 4:2:2, or 4:two:0 pixel encoding[14] : §7.7
  • xbpc (30bit/px) or 12bpc (36fleck/px) colour depth[fourteen] : §ane.ii
  • Colorimetry characteristics as divers in the standard, including color primaries, quantization parameters, and the electro-optical transfer role. These are the same characteristics after standardized in ITU-R BT.2020. UHDTV1 systems are permitted to employ BT.709 color primaries up to 60Hz.[14] : §6.2

ITU-R UHDTV standard [edit]

In 2012, the International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector published Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020, too known as the Ultra High Definition Tv set (UHDTV) standard.[15] It adopts the aforementioned image parameters defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1.[16]

Although the UHDTV standard does not ascertain any official names for the formats information technology defines, ITU typically uses the terms "4K", "4K UHD", or "4K UHDTV" to refer to the 3840 × 2160 system in public announcements and press releases ("8K" for the 7680 × 4320 system).[17] In some of ITU'south other standards documents, the terms "UHDTV1" and "UHDTV2" are used every bit shorthand.[xviii]

CEA Ultra HD [edit]

In Oct 2012, the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) announced their definition of the term Ultra High-Definition (or Ultra Hard disk) for utilize with marketing consumer brandish devices.[19] CEA defines an Ultra Hard disk production equally a Idiot box, monitor, or projector with the post-obit characteristics:[twenty]

  • A resolution of 3840 × 2160 or larger
  • An aspect ratio of 1.77∶1 (16∶9) or wider
  • Back up for color depth of 8bpc (24bit/px) or college
  • At least one HDMI input capable of supporting 3840 × 2160 at 24, 30, and 60Hz progressive scan (though not necessarily with RGB / Y′CBCR 4:iv:4 color), and HDCPii.ii
  • Capable of processing images according to the color space defined in ITU-R BT.709
  • Capable of upscaling HD content (i.eastward. 720p / 1080p)

The CEA definition does let manufacturers to use other terms—such as 4K—alongside the Ultra HD logo.[3] :9 Since the resolution in CEA's definition is only a minimum requirement, displays with higher resolutions such as 4096 × 2160 or 5120 × 2880 also qualify equally "Ultra HD" displays, provided they meet the other requirements.

2160p resolution [edit]

Some 4K resolutions, like 3840 × 2160 , are oftentimes casually referred to equally 2160p.[21] [22] [23] This proper name follows from the previous naming convention used past HDTV and SDTV formats, which refer to a format by the number of pixels/lines along the vertical axis (such equally "1080p" for 1920 × 1080 progressive scan, or "480i" for the 480-line interlaced SDTV formats) rather than the horizontal pixel count (≈4000 or "4K" for 3840 × 2160 ).

The term "2160p" could be applied to whatsoever format with a tiptop of 2160 pixels, but it is most normally used in reference to the 4K UHDTV resolution of 3840 × 2160 due to its association with the well-known 720p and 1080p HDTV formats. Although 3840 × 2160 is both a 4K resolution and a 2160p resolution, these terms cannot always be used interchangeably since non all 4K resolutions are 2160 pixels tall, and not all 2160p resolutions are ≈4000 pixels wide. However, some companies have begun using the term "4K" to describe devices with support for a 2160p resolution, even if it is not close to 4000 pixels wide. For case, many "4K" dash cams only support a resolution of 2880 × 2160 (four∶3);[24] [25] although this is a 2160p resolution, it is not a 4K resolution. Conversely, Samsung released a 5120 × 2160 (64∶27) Television receiver, just marketed it as a "4K" Telly despite its 5K-class resolution.[26] [27]

M+ or RGBW TV controversy [edit]

In 2015, LG Display appear the implementation of a new technology called M+ which is the add-on of white subpixel along with the regular RGB dots in their IPS panel engineering science.[28] The media and cyberspace users later called this "RGBW" TVs because of the white sub pixel.

Virtually of the new Chiliad+ technology was employed on 4K TV sets which led to a controversy after tests showed that the improver of a white sub pixel replacing the traditional RGB structure would reduce the resolution by around 25%. Later tests done by Intertek in which the technical aspects of LG M+ TVs were analyzed and they ended that "the addressable resolution display is 2,880 X 2,160 for each red, green, blue", in other words, the LG TVs were technically ii.8K every bit it became known in the controversy.[29] [30] Although LG Display has adult this technology for use in notebook display, outdoor and smartphones, it is more than popular in the TV market place due to the supposed 4K UHD marketed resolution but nevertheless being incapable of achieving true 4K UHD resolution as divers by the CTA as 3840x2160 active pixels with 8-bit per color. This negatively impacts the rendering of text, making it a scrap fuzzier, which is especially noticeable when a TV is used as a PC monitor.[31] [32] [33] [34] [35]

CinemaWide 4K [edit]

In 2019, Sony was granted the CinemaWide trademark past the European union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), in which the trademark covers 'Class 9' electronic devices, including smartphones.[36] According to Sony and SID,[37] the standard defines a CinemaWide 4K product with the post-obit characteristics:

  • A resolution of 3840 × 1644 or larger
  • An aspect ratio of 21∶9
  • Capable of playing back 4K resolution video (2160p) in an aspect ratio of 21∶ix
  • Capable of upscaling non-4K content (i.east. 720p / 1080p)[38]

Sony Xperia smartphones are the most widely known products that equipped with CinemaWide 4K brandish, such as Xperia 1, Xperia 1 Two and Xperia 1 III.

Adoption [edit]

Video sharing website YouTube and the telly manufacture take adopted 3840 ×2160 as their 4K standard.[39] [40] Equally of 2014[update], 4K content from major broadcasters remained express.[41] On April 11, 2013, Bulb Television receiver created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the get-go broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America.[42] [43] [44] [45] The channel is licensed past the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunication Commission to provide educational content.[46] However, 4K content is becoming more widely available online[ when? ] including on Apple Television set, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon.[47] [48] By 2013, some UHDTV models were available to general consumers in the range of US$600.[49] [fifty] Equally of 2015[update], prices on smaller computer and television panels had dropped below US$400.[51]

ATSC [edit]

On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee appear new proposals of a new standard chosen ATSC iii.0 which would implement UHD broadcasts at resolutions of up to 3840 × 2160 or 7680 × 4320 .[52] [53] [54] [55] The standard would also include framerates of up to 120Hz, HEVC encoding, wide color gamut, as well as high dynamic range.[56] [57] [58]

DVB [edit]

In 2014, the Digital Video Dissemination Project released a new fix of standards intended to guide the implementation of loftier resolution content in broadcast television. Dubbed DVB-UHDTV, it establishes two standards, known every bit UHD-1 (for 4K content) and UHD-2 (for 8K content). These standards apply resolutions of 3840 ×2160 and 7680 ×4320 respectively, with framerates of up to 60Hz, color depth upward to tenbpc (xxxscrap/px), and HEVC encoding for transmission.[59] DVB is currently focusing on the implementation of the UHD-1 standard.[60]

DVB finalized UHD-1 Stage ii in 2016, with the introduction of service past broadcasters expected in 2017. UHD-1 Phase 2 adds features such equally loftier dynamic range (using HLG and PQ at 10 or 12 bits), broad color gamut (BT. 2020/2100 colorimetry), and high frame rate (up to 120Hz).[61] [60]

Video streaming [edit]

YouTube, since 2010,[62] and Vimeo let a maximum upload resolution of 4096 × 3072 pixels (12.6 megapixels, attribute ratio 4:iii).[63] [64] Vimeo'south 4K content is currently limited to more often than not nature documentaries and tech coverage.[65] [66]

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC or H.265) should allow streaming 4K content with a bandwidth of 20 to 30 Mbit/southward.[67]

In Jan 2014, Naughty America launched the first developed video service streaming in 4K.[68] [69]

Mobile phone cameras [edit]

The get-go mobile phones to be able to tape at 2160p ( 3840 × 2160 ) were released in tardily 2013, including the Samsung Galaxy Note 3, which is able to tape 2160p at 30 frames per 2nd.

In the year 2014, the OnePlus Ane was released with the choice to record DCI 4K ( 4096 × 2160 ) at 24 frames per 2nd, as well as LG G3 and Samsung Galaxy Note 4 with optical image stabilization.

In the year 2015, Apple announced the iPhone 6s was released with the 12Mpx camera that has the option to record 4K at 25 or xxx frames per second.

In the years 2017 and 2018, mobile phone chipsets reached sufficient processing power that mobile phone vendors started releasing mobile phones that let recording 2160p footage at 60 frames per second for a smoother and more realistic advent.[70]

History [edit]

Samsung UN105S9 105-inch (ii,700 mm) ultra-loftier-definition 4K television

In 1984, Hitachi released the CMOS graphics processor ARTC HD63484, which was capable of displaying up to 4K resolution when in monochrome fashion.[71] The resolution was targeted at the bit-mapped desktop publishing market.[71] The first commercially available 4K photographic camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin, released in 2003.[72] [73] 4K technology was developed by several enquiry groups in universities around the world, such as University of California, San Diego, CALIT2, Keio University, Naval Postgraduate School and others that realized[74] several demonstrations in venues such as IGrid in 2004 and CineGrid. YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010 as a result of leading manufacturers producing 4K cameras.[75] Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until Dec 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality carte.[76] In November 2013, YouTube began to use the VP9 video compression standard, proverb that information technology was more suitable for 4K than Loftier Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Google, which owns YouTube, developed VP9.[75]

Theaters began projecting movies at 4K resolution in 2011.[77] Sony was offering 4K projectors as early as 2004.[78] The beginning 4K home theater projector was released past Sony in 2012.[79] Despite this, few finished films accept 4K resolution as of 2019. Even for movies and TV shows shot using 6K or 8K cameras, almost all finished films are edited in HD resolution and enlarged to fit a 4K format.[fourscore]

Sony is ane of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013[update] offer a little over 70 flick and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video. The large files (≈fortyGB), distributed through consumer broadband connections, heighten concerns about data caps.[81]

In 2014, Netflix began streaming House of Cards, Breaking Bad,[82] and "some nature documentaries" at 4K to compatible televisions with an HEVC decoder. Most 4K televisions sold in 2013 did non natively support HEVC, with nearly major manufacturers announcing back up in 2014.[83] Amazon Studios began shooting their total-length original series and new pilots with 4K resolution in 2014.[84] They are now currently available though Amazon Video.[85]

In March 2016 the first players and discs for Ultra Hard disk drive Blu-ray—a physical optical disc format supporting 4K resolution and high-dynamic-range video (HDR) at 60 frames per 2nd—were released.[86]

On August ii, 2016, Microsoft released the Xbox One S, which supports 4K streaming and has an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive, but does non back up 4K gaming.[87] On November 10, 2016, Sony released the PlayStation 4 Pro, which supports 4K streaming and gaming,[88] though many games use checkerboard rendering or are upscaled 4K.[89] On Nov 7, 2017, Microsoft released the Xbox Ane X, which supports of 4K streaming and gaming,[90] though not all games are rendered at native 4K.[91]

Home video project [edit]

Though experiencing rapid price drops beginning in 2013 for viewing devices, the home cinema digital video projector market saw little expansion, with only a few manufacturers (only Sony every bit of 2015[update]) offering express 4K-capable lineups, with native 4K projectors commanding five-figure price tags well into 2015 before finally breaking the Us$10,000 bulwark.[92] Critics country that at normal direct-view panel size and viewing distances, the extra pixels of 4K are redundant at the ability of normal human being vision.[ commendation needed ] Projection home cinemas, on the other manus, employ much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale. JVC has used a technique known as "e-shift" to extrapolate extra pixels from 1080p sources to display 4K on screens through upscaling or from native 4K sources at a much lower price than native 4K projectors.[93] This engineering of not-native 4K entered its 4th generation for 2016.[94] [95] [96] JVC used this same technology to provide 8K flying simulation for Boeing that met the limits of xx/25 visual acuity.[97]

Pixel shifting, as described here, was pioneered in the consumer infinite by JVC, and later in the commercial space by Epson. That said, it is non the aforementioned thing as "true" 4K. More recently, some DLP projectors claim 4K UHD (which the JVCs and Epsons do not merits).

Every bit noted to a higher place, DCI 4K is 4096 ×2160, while 4K UHD is 3840 ×2160, producing a slight difference in aspect ratio rather than a meaning difference in resolution. Traditional displays, such as LCD or OLED, are 3840 pixels across the screen, with each pixel being 1/3840th of the screen width. They practise not overlap—if they did, they would endure reduced item. The diameter of each pixel is basically i/3840th of the screen width or i/2160th of the screen meridian - either gives the same size pixel. That 3840 ×2160 works out to viii.3 megapixels, the official resolution of 4K UHD (and therefore Blu-ray UHD discs).

The 4K UHD standard does non specify how large the pixels are, then a 4K UHD projector (Optoma, BenQ, Dell, et al.) counts because these projectors have a 2718 × 1528 pixel structure. Those projectors process the true 4K of data and project it with overlapping pixels, which is what pixel shifting is. Unfortunately, each of those pixels is far larger: each 1 has 50% more expanse than true 4K. Pixel shifting projectors project a pixel, shift it up to the right, by a one-half diameter, and projection it over again, with modified data, but that second pixel overlaps the first.

In other words, pixel shifting cannot produce side by side vertical lines of RGBRGB or other colors where each line is ane pixel (i/3840th of the screen) wide. Adjacent red and green pixels would end up looking like yellow, with a fringe on one side of red, on the other of dark-green - except that the next line of pixels overlaps equally well, changing the colour of that fringe. 4K UHD or 1080p pixel shifting cannot reveal the fine detail of a true 4K projector such as those Sony ships (business, education and home markets). Besides, JVC has one true 4K projector priced at $35,000 (every bit of mid-2017).

So while 4K UHD appears like it has a pixel structures with 1/iv the area of 1080p, that does not happen with pixel shifting. Only a true 4K projector offers that level of resolution. This is why "true" 4K projectors toll so much more than 4K UHD projectors with otherwise similar feature sets. They produce smaller pixels, finer resolution, no compromising of detail or color from overlapping pixels. By comparison, the slight departure in aspect ratio between DCI and 3840 × 2160 pixel displays without overlap is insignificant relative to the corporeality of item.

Some companies like Kaleidescape offering media servers that allow for 4K UHD Blu-ray movies with high dynamic range in a home theater.[98]

Dissemination [edit]

In November 2014, United states satellite provider DirecTV became the first pay Tv set provider to offer access to 4K content, although express to selected video-on-need films.[99] In Baronial 2015, British sports network BT Sport launched a 4K feed, with its first broadcast existence the 2015 FA Community Shield football match. Two production units were used, producing the traditional broadcast in high-definition, and a divide 4K broadcast. As the network did not desire to mix 4K footage with upconverted HD footage, this telecast did not characteristic traditional studio segments at pre-game or half-time, but those hosted from the stadium by the match commentators using a 4K camera. BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis, they would switch to the Hd broadcast and and then back for the game. Footage was compressed using H.264 encoders and transmitted to BT Tower, where it was then transmitted back to BT Sport studios and decompressed for distribution, via 4K-uniform BT TV set up-peak boxes on an eligible BT Infinity internet program with at least a 25 Mbit/s connection.[100] [101]

In late 2015 and Jan 2016, three Canadian goggle box providers – including Quebec-based Vidéotron, Ontario-based Rogers Cable, and Bell Fibe TV, announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-superlative boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet service.[102] [103] On October v, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-peak box and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications announced that information technology planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its Sportsnet partition, including all Toronto Blue Jays home games, and "marquee" National Hockey League games commencement in January 2016. Bell Media announced via its TSN partition a slate of 4K telecasts to brainstorm on January 20, 2016, including selected Toronto Raptors games and regional NHL games.[104] [105] [106]

On January xiv, 2016, in cooperation with BT Sport, Sportsnet broadcast the first ever NBA game produced in 4K – a Toronto Raptors/Orlando Magic game at O2 Arena in London, England. On January 20, also during a Raptors game, TSN presented the start live 4K telecast produced in North America.[102] [104] [107] Three days later on, Sportsnet presented the offset NHL game in 4K.[108]

Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), synthetic a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared past Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats.[109] For the opening game of the 2016 Toronto Bluish Jays flavor, Dome synthetic "Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i loftier-definition units.[110] Bong Media's CTV also broadcast the 2016 Juno Awards in 4K as the first awards show presented in the format.[111]

In Feb 2016, Univision trialed 4K by producing a closed circuit telecast of a football game friendly between the national teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami in the format. The broadcast was streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise the final of Copa América Centenario in 4K.[112] [113] [114] In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the Masters golf game tournament in 4K.[115] [116]

In late 2016, Telus Tv set announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-height boxes.[117]

Afterward having trialed the technology in limited matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup,[118] and the 2014 FIFA Globe Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host urban center of Rio de Janeiro),[119] the 2018 FIFA World Loving cup was the beginning FIFA World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cutting on each lucifer would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main angles), with instant replays and some camera angles being upconverted from 1080p sources. These broadcasts were made bachelor from selected rightsholders, such equally the BBC in the United kingdom, and selected idiot box providers in the United States.[120] [121] [122]

Resolutions [edit]

Examples of some 4K resolutions used in displays and media
Format Resolution Aspect Ratio Pixels
- 4096 ×3072 1.33∶1 (four∶3) 12,582,912
- 4096 ×2560 1.60∶one (16∶10) 10,485,760
- 4096 ×2304 i.77∶i (16∶9) nine,437,184
DCI 4K (full frame) 4096 ×2160 ≈one.ninety∶1 (256∶135) 8,847,360
DCI 4K (CinemaScope cropped) 4096 ×1716 ≈2.39∶1 (1024∶429) 7,020,544
DCI 4K (flat cropped) 3996 ×2160 one.85∶i (≈37∶xx) 8,631,360
WQUXGA 3840 ×2400 1.threescore∶ane (16∶10) 9,216,000
4K UHD 3840 ×2160 1.77∶ane (16∶nine) 8,294,400
- 3840 ×1600 2.40∶1 (12∶5) 6,144,000
- 3840 ×1080 3.55∶1 (32∶nine) four,147,200

3840 ×2160 [edit]

The resolution of 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K resolution in the consumer media and display industries. This is the resolution of the UHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1,[14] as well equally the 4K UHDTV format defined by ITU-R in Rec. 2020,[15] and is also the minimum resolution for CEA's definition of Ultra Hard disk displays and projectors.[20] The resolution of 3840 × 2160 was likewise chosen past the DVB project for their 4K broadcasting standard, UHD-one.[60]

This resolution has an aspect ratio of 16∶9, with viii,294,400 full pixels. Information technology is exactly double the horizontal and vertical resolution of 1080p ( 1920 × 1080 ) for a total of 4 times as many pixels, and triple the horizontal and vertical resolution of 720p ( 1280 × 720 ) for a total of 9 times as many pixels. It is sometimes referred to as "2160p", based on the naming patterns established by the previous 720p and 1080p HDTV standards.

In 2013, televisions capable of displaying UHD resolutions were seen by consumer electronics companies as the next trigger for an upgrade bike afterward a lack of consumer interest in 3D television.[123]

4096 ×2160 [edit]

This resolution is used mainly in digital cinema product, and has a full of 8,847,360 pixels with an aspect ratio of 256∶135 (≈xix∶ten). It was standardized equally the resolution of the 4K container format defined by Digital Cinema Initiatives in the Digital Cinema System specification, and is the native resolution of all DCI-compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors.[five] The DCI specification allows several unlike resolutions for the content inside the container, depending on the desired aspect ratio. The allowed resolutions are defined in SMPTE 428-1:[5] : §3.2.1 [half-dozen] : p. 6

  • 4096 ×2160 (total frame, 256∶135 or ≈1.xc∶1 attribute ratio)
  • 3996 ×2160 (flat crop, 1.85∶1 aspect ratio)
  • 4096 ×1716 (CinemaScope crop, ≈2.39∶1 aspect ratio)

The DCI 4K standard has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of DCI 2K ( 2048 × 1080 ), with iv times equally many pixels overall.

Digital movies made in 4K may exist produced, scanned, or stored in a number of other resolutions depending on what storage aspect ratio is used.[124] [125] In the digital movie house production concatenation, a resolution of 4096 × 3112 is oft used for acquiring "open gate" or anamorphic input fabric, a resolution based on the historical resolution of scanned Super 35 mm pic.[126]

Other 4K resolutions [edit]

Various other non-standardized 4K resolutions have been used in displays, including:

  • 4096 ×2560 (i.60∶1 or 16∶10); this resolution was used in the Canon DP-V3010, a 30-inch (76 cm) 4K reference monitor designed for reviewing cinema footage in postal service-production, released in 2013.[127]
  • 4096 ×2304 (1.77∶1 or 16∶ix); this resolution was used in the 21.v-inch (55 cm) LG UltraFine 22MD4KA 4K monitor, jointly announced past LG and Apple in 2016[128] and used in the 21.5" 4K Retina iMac computer.
  • 3840 ×2400 (1.sixty∶1 or xvi∶10); this resolution was used in the 22.2-inch (56 cm) IBM T220 and T221 monitors, released in 2001 and 2002 respectively. This resolution is also referred to as "WQUXGA", and is iv times the resolution of WUXGA (1920 ×1200).[129]
  • 3840 ×1600 (2.40∶one or 12∶5); a number of computer monitors with this resolution take been produced, the first being the 37.v-inch (95 cm) LG 38UC99-Westward released in 2016. This resolution is equivalent to WQXGA (2560 ×1600) extended in width by 50%, or 3840 ×2160 reduced in height by ≈26%.[130] LG refers to this resolution as "WQHD+" (Wide Quad HD+),[131] while Acer uses the term "UW-QHD+" (Ultra-wide Quad Hard disk+)[132] and some media outlets have used the term "UW4K" (Ultra-wide 4K).[133] [134]
  • 3840 ×1080 (iii.55∶one or 32∶9); this resolution was first used in the Samsung C49HG70, a 49-inch (120 cm) curved gaming monitor released in 2017. This resolution is equivalent to dual 1080p displays (1920 ×1080) side-by-side, but with no border interrupting the image. Information technology is also exactly one one-half of a 4K UHD (3840 ×2160) display. Samsung refers to this resolution as "DFHD" (Dual Total HD).[135]

Recording [edit]

Item benefit [edit]

The master advantage of recording video at the 4K standard is that fine spatial particular is resolved well.[136] Private withal frames extracted from 3840×2160-pixel video footage can human activity as eight.3 megapixel all the same photographs, while only 2.1 megapixels at 1080p and 0.9 megapixels at 720p. If the final video quality is reduced to 2K from a 4K recording, more than detail is apparent than would have been accomplished from a native 2K recording.[136] Increased fineness and contrast is so possible with output to DVD and Blu-ray.[137] Some cinematographers tape at 4K with the Super 35 moving picture format to offset whatsoever resolution loss that may occur during video processing.[138]

Chroma subsampling [edit]

In full size, this epitome shows the difference betwixt four subsampling schemes. Note how like the color images appear. The lower row shows the resolution of the color information.

Many consumer electronics such as mobile phones store video footage in Y′CBCR format with four:ii:0 blush subsampling, which records colour information at merely 1 quarter the resolution equally the brightness information.[139] For 3840 × 2160 video, this means that the colour information is only stored at 1920 × 1080 .[140] [141]

Chip rates [edit]

Consumer cameras and mobile phones tape 2160p footage at much college bit rates (unremarkably 50 to 100Mbit/s) than 1080p (ordinarily ten to 30Mbit/s). This higher bit rate reduces the visibility of compression artifacts, even if viewed on monitors with a lower resolution than 2160p.

Come across also [edit]

  • 1080p Full Hard disk – digital video format with a resolution of 1920 × 1080
  • List of 4K video recording devices
  • 2K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 2,000 pixels
  • 5K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 5,000 pixels, aimed at non-boob tube computer monitor usage
  • 8K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of effectually viii,000 pixels
  • 10K resolution – digital video formats with a horizontal resolution of around 10,000 pixels
  • 16K resolution – experimental VR format
  • Aspect ratio (image) – proportional relationship between an prototype's width and height
  • Digital movie theatre
  • Graphics display resolution
  • High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) – video standard that supports 4K & 8K UHDTV and resolutions upward to 8192 × 4320
  • Rec. 2020 – ITU-R recommendation for UHDTV, defining formats with resolutions of 4K ( 3840 × 2160 ) and 8K ( 7680 × 4320 )
  • Ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) – various standards for high-resolution goggle box
  • Ultrawide formats

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External links [edit]

Articles [edit]

  • "3D Goggle box is Expressionless, Long Live 4K", Forbes, Jan 10, 2013
  • Gurule, Donn, 4k and 8k Product Workflows Become More Mainstream, Light axle, archived from the original on 2013-02-16, retrieved 2013-01-29
  • What is the meaning of UHDTV and its departure to HDTV?, UHDMI, archived from the original on 2013-02-05, retrieved 2014-09-ten
  • "Ultra high resolution television (UHDV) prototype", CD Freaks, archived from the original on 2008-11-eighteen, retrieved 2013-01-29
  • "Just Like High-Definition TV, but With College Definition", The New York Times, Jun 3, 2004
  • "Nihon demonstrates next-gen TV Circulate", Electronic Engineering Times, archived from the original on 2013-05-01, retrieved 2013-01-29 .
  • "Researchers arts and crafts HDTV'due south successor", PC World, archived from the original on 2008-06-04, retrieved 2013-01-29
  • Sugawara, Masayuki (2008), Super Hello-Vision—research on a future ultra-HDTV system (PDF) (technical review), CH: EBU, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-26, retrieved 2013-01-29
  • Brawl, Christopher Lee (Oct 2008), "Farewell to the Kingdom of Shadows: A filmmaker'southward first impression of Super Hello-Vision television set", Musings, archived from the original on 2013-03-23, retrieved 2013-01-29
  • "Visual comparing of the unlike 4K resolutions", 4k Tv, archived from the original on 2014-08-10, retrieved 2014-08-08
  • "Why Ultra HD 4K TVs are nonetheless stupid", CNet , 2015 follow-up commodity: "Why 4K TVs aren't stupid (anymore)", CNet

Official sites of NHK [edit]

  • Super Hi-Vision, JP: NHK, archived from the original on 2010-x-06, retrieved 2013-01-29 .
  • Science & Technical Enquiry Laboratories, JP: NHK .
  • Super Hi-Vision research (annual report), JP: NHK STRL, 2009, archived from the original on 2012-10-18, retrieved 2013-01-29 .

Video [edit]

  • "4K resolution video exam sequences for Inquiry", Ultra video, FI: TUT .

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution

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